They came from ordinary soldiers, who arrived in the Rzeczpospolita in the train of the Horde and the sultans murzas. These were the Tartars, Cossacks (service Boyars). In Belarus, Poland and Lithuania were the Cossacks-Muslims, so-called Lithuanian Tatars, descendants of mercenaries-Horde, who served from Gediminas and Vytautas. Tatar Cossacks were in the military, domestic and economically independent organization, so that the Polish chroniclers, knowing four Tatar hordes (Zavolzhsky, Astrakhan, Kazan, Perekopskaya), classifies them, sometimes, the fifth Cossack. But most of all attracted their own to help the Crimean Khan, who had always composed his troops Cossack detachments.
King Sigismund-August called for a Belgorod (Akkerman) and Perekop Cossacks and sent them a salary. Thus, Tatar detachments of Cossacks in the service of Moscow and Poland. Tatar Cossacks, as well as Russian and Ukrainian, did not recognize the authority of a single one of the neighboring rulers, although often came to him in the service. “The field is not purely from the Azov Cossacks” – we read constantly in the reports of ambassadors and border governor emperor. These Horde or “Azov” Cossacks, Tatars repeatedly write Russian chroniclers of the times of Ivan III. In 1492 Mengli Giray Khan wrote Ivan III, that his army, returning from a Kiev with prey, was robbed in the wilderness “Ordyn Cossacks. – Version of Turkic origin of the Cossacks (Abdirov MZ), etc. – “Caucasian” version of the origin of the Don Cossacks (Gordeev AA) – Version of “Cossacks – a special Slavo-Turkic peoples” (Bykadorov I.F) Astrakhansky ethnographer AA Gorshkov, based on data from the Astrakhan regional archive, presents data on the admission in the early 1900’s in the Don Cossacks without baptism, and in gratitude for the work of Jewish musicians, creators of the regimental bands “.Ĭurrently, there are a number of concepts on the origin of the Cossacks: – “Brodnica” theory of the origin of the Cossacks (Mavrodin VV) The latter seems unlikely, but as noted by VM Quiz: “Many representatives of the infidels because of their suitability as a member of the Cossack class.
Significant layers were Muslims (Bashkir, Tatar, the mountaineers of the Caucasus, Kazakhs, etc.), Buddhists (Kalmykia, Buryatia), followers of local cults of the Volga, Urals, Siberia, Far East, marginally met, Gregorian, Lutherans, Catholics, even Jews. It’s not quite true, if we consider that among the Cossacks have always had a lot of representatives of different faiths. Traditionally it is believed that the Cossacks are closely associated with only one religious lines – Orthodox Christianity.
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